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Ta yaya 5G ya bambanta da 4G?

Zuwan 5G ya zo daidai da balaga na fasahar da ke haɓaka buɗaɗɗen, agile, da iya sassauƙa a cikin hanyar sadarwa. Musamman, rarrabuwar kawuna da rarraba ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin sadarwar hanyar sadarwa na software, haɓakawa, da ayyuka na asali na girgije suna da aƙalla tasiri kamar sabbin rediyon 5G.

An tsara hanyoyin sadarwar 5G don buɗewa da daidaita su, ba da damar sabis na mutum ɗaya tare da buƙatun aiki daban-daban don raba abubuwan more rayuwa iri ɗaya. Ƙwarewar ayyuka yadda ya kamata ya raba software daga aiwatar da hardware. Wannan yana ba da damar kowane aiki don auna shi da kansa kuma a rarraba shi da kyau, dangane da iyawar bandwidth da ake samu da buƙatun latency. Tsarin gine-ginen da aka rarraba, wanda aka kunna ta hanyar sarrafawa / rabuwar jirgin sama mai amfani, yana ba masu aiki damar sanya ayyuka da ayyuka inda za su iya mafi kyawun sabis na mai amfani na ƙarshe.

Me yasa ake buƙatar 5G?

4G yana fara nuna iyakokin sa a ƙarƙashin haɓakar amfani na yanzu, daidai lokacin da sabbin fasahohi ke shirin sanya sabbin buƙatu masu yawa akan hanyoyin sadarwa. A haƙiƙa, nasarar sabbin fasahohi irin su na'urorin Intanet na Abubuwa (IoT), aikace-aikacen bayanan wucin gadi na tushen yanar gizo (AI), da motoci da injuna masu cin gashin kansu ya ta'allaka ne akan samun ingantaccen hanyar sadarwa ta 5G mai ƙarfi da haɓakar saurin sa. , ƙananan latency, kuma mafi girma iya aiki.

Fasahar da za ta samar da ƙarni na gaba na sabis na girgije da abubuwan haɗin kai-kamar haɓakawa da gaskiyar kama-da-wane-za su buƙaci aikin 5G da sassauƙan gine-gine don isa ga cikakken ƙarfinsu.

Yaushe 5G zai kasance?

Yayin da dillalan wayar hannu ke kokawa don jagorantar kasuwannin su wajen ƙaddamar da 5G, tafiya zuwa samar da 5G a ko'ina ya kamata a kalli shi azaman marathon, ba gudu ba. Samuwar yana buƙatar sabbin kayan aikin jiki, da lokaci don masu haɓakawa da masu yin na'ura don daidaitawa da sabbin gine-ginen 5G.

Akwai haɗari cikin yin sama da ƙasan sabis ɗin kafin a cimma saurin gudu da ɗaukar nauyi. Tun daga farkon shekarar 2021, farkon 5G ba su ci gaba da zage-zage a idanun masu amfani da yawa ba. Haɗarin shine za a iya kashe masu riko da wuri, wanda zai iya yin illa ga saurin karɓo mabukaci. Wannan ya ce, masu yin amfani da wayar hannu sun sami damar nuna ingantaccen aiki akan 5G, har ma a farkon matakan fitarwa.

Dole ne a sanya takamaiman yanki, mai ɗaukar kaya, da na'urar zuwa samuwar 5G. Sabis na yau da kullun, a cikin dillalai da kasuwanni, da alama ba zai isa ba har sai 2022 ko 2023. Samar da 5G ya bambanta da ƙasa, kuma yankunan da ke da yawan jama'a za su iya ganin sabis na 5G kafin wuraren da ba su da yawa.

Samun wadatar 5G ya dogara da hadaddun abubuwa masu rikitarwa, ban da sabbin abubuwan more rayuwa. Misali, hanya daya da 5G ke amfani da ita don daidaita ma'auni ita ce tarar jigilar kaya; Wayoyin 5G na dillali ɗaya mai yiwuwa ba za su amfana daga ingantattun ayyuka ba har sai sauran dillalan sun gama haɓaka kayan aikin su. Kamfanoni suna sha'awar aiwatar da 5G don canjin dijital na kansu. Ana kallon sabis na hanyar sadarwar 5G masu zaman kansu a matsayin mafi sauri kuma mai yuwuwa hanya mafi kyau ga 'yan kasuwa don amfani da sabuwar fasaha don cin gajiyar kasuwancinsu da ƙwarewar abokan ciniki.

Yadda 5G ke aiki
Cloud Access Network (C-RAN)
Gine-ginen salon salula na baya sun sanya kayan aikin hanyar sadarwar rediyo a kowane tashar salula, wanda ke da tsada don shigarwa da kulawa. Tare da ci gaba da aka samu a cikin ingantaccen tsari, mafita na RAN na girgije da aiki da kai, ana iya rage kayan masarufi a rukunin yanar gizon tantanin halitta, rage farashin kayan masarufi na tashoshin tantanin halitta.

Wannan canjin zai samar da mafi kyawun aiki, ingantaccen ƙarfin kuzari, sauƙin gudanarwa, da ƙananan farashin hanyar sadarwa.
Multiband aiki
5G yana amfani da makada daban-daban guda uku, kowanne yana amfani da sassa daban-daban na bakan rediyo. Ƙananan, matsakaita, da manyan makada suna ba da aiki tare da bambancin saurin gudu da halayen nesa.

Ƙarƙashin band ɗin shine mafi jinkirin ukun amma yana yin mafi kyau akan nisa kuma ta saman ƙasa. Babban bandeji shine mafi sauri amma yana da iyaka a nisa, kuma yana da wahalar shiga bangon gine-gine da sauran irin waɗannan gine-gine.

Rashin iya kutsawa tsattsauran ra'ayi kamar gine-gine ya kasance ƙalubale ga maɗaukakin mitoci. Midband yana ba da ma'auni mai kyau na sauri, shigarwa, da nisa.
Amfani da sabon bakan rediyo
Ƙananan rukunin 5G yana zaune a ƙarƙashin 1GHz, kusa da mitocin da 4G ke amfani da shi (a ƙarƙashin 6 GHz). Koyaya, matsakaita da manyan makada suna amfani da mitoci a baya babu su. Ƙungiyar matsakaici tana amfani da mitoci a cikin kewayon 1-2.6 GHz da 3.5–6 GHz, kuma babban rukunin yana amfani da mitoci a cikin kewayon 24-40 GHz. Har yanzu ana kasafta ƙarin mitoci zuwa cibiyoyin sadarwar 5G.
Maɓallin shigarwa da yawa (MIMO)
Ƙara yawan eriya a tashoshin tushe zai ba 5G damar yin amfani da bandwidth ɗin sa don watsawa akan ƙarin eriya a lokaci ɗaya, yin abubuwa da yawa da fitarwa lokaci guda.
Beamforming
Beamforming fasaha ce don yin amfani da shugabanci zuwa watsa tantanin halitta. Bayan tashar tushe ta gano takamaiman mai amfani, tana iya watsa musu ta hanyar da aka yi niyya. Ana yin isar da sako ga takamaiman mai amfani maimakon aikawa a duk kwatance.
Cikakken duplex
Cikakken duplex yana nufin ikon 5G don yin aiki akan makada da yawa a lokaci guda. Tare da taimakon sabbin fasahar canzawa da daidaitawa, 5G na iya amfani da wannan ikon don watsawa da karɓa lokaci guda.
Ana cire Wi-Fi
Wannan tsari ba sabon abu bane, amma 5G zai yi amfani da ikon canza masu amfani tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa don inganta aiki.
Sadarwar na'ura zuwa na'ura
Wannan tsari ne don saita sadarwar kai tsaye tsakanin na'urori biyu ta hanyar sadarwar salula. Bayan ma'aikacin cibiyar sadarwa ya saita sadarwar kai tsaye kuma ya ƙayyade hanyar sadarwa, za a saita na'urorin biyu don ganowa kai tsaye da sadarwa kai tsaye.
Amfanin 5G akan 4G
Matsakaicin saurin gudu
Lokacin amfani da babban adadin bandwidth ɗin sa, mafi girman saurin 5G na iya zama har sau 10 cikin sauri fiye da 4G, yana ba da damar aikace-aikacen ƙarshen ƙarshen bayanai kamar sake kunnawa 4K/8K don yawo daga gajimare cikin sauri.
Rage jinkiri
Ga wasu aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci, latency na iya zama babban al'amari fiye da cimma babban gudu. Latency 5G na iya zama sau huɗu zuwa biyar ƙasa da na 4G. Wasu daga cikin wannan raguwa sun fito ne daga ingantattun fasaha a rediyon 5G.

Ko da ƙarin raguwa shine sakamakon rarraba, ƙayyadaddun hanyar sadarwa na software wanda ke sanya cibiyar sadarwa mai mahimmanci da ayyukan sabis kusa da na'urar ƙarshe. Wannan yana rage jinkiri ta hanyar rage nisa tsakanin rediyo da sabis/ aikace-aikace.

Aikace-aikacen da suka dogara da ci gaba da watsawar ƙananan ƙananan, kamar motoci masu cin gashin kansu, za su fi amfana daga jinkirin sauri.
Haɗuwa
5G na iya tallafawa har zuwa sau 100 fiye da na'urori masu yawa da wuraren ƙarewa kamar 4G. Wannan yana nufin 5G a shirye yake don tallafawa ƙarni na gaba na haɓaka mai amfani da miliyoyin na'urorin IoT (Intanet na Abubuwa) waɗanda ake tsammanin za su zo kan layi nan gaba kaɗan.
Amfanin makamashi
5G ya fi ƙarfin kuzari fiye da 4G, yana farawa da ƙirar ƙirar tantanin halitta wanda zai ba da damar dillalai su rage yawan kuzarin su. Mafi mahimmanci, na'urorin hannu da ke aiki a cikin 5G suna amfani da ƙarancin kuzari haka nan, suna ba da ƙarin aikin baturi da tsawon rayuwa. An ƙiyasta cewa amfani da makamashi kowane ɗan lokaci tare da 5G shine kawai kashi 10 na abin da 4G ke buƙata.
Ƙarar bayanan wayar hannu
Ƙarfin bayanan 5G na iya zama har sau 1,000 fiye da na 4G. Tare da haɓaka ƙarfin bayanai, aikin zai kasance mai ƙarfi ga duk masu amfani lokacin da suka haɗa zuwa cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a a wuraren cunkoson jama'a kamar filayen jirgin sama, aiki.
Saurin tura aiki
Haɓakawa da ci-gaba da aiki da kai a cikin gine-ginen 5G za su ba da damar aika ayyukan cibiyar sadarwa cikin sauri waɗanda za a iya yi da sarrafa su daga nesa.
Tasirin 5G da 4G
Manufacturing da dabaru
Za a yi amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa na 5G masu zaman kansu don sarrafawa da sa ido kan ayyukan masana'anta da wuraren ajiya, da kuma sauƙaƙe sadarwa mafi kyau tare da na'urorin IoT, kayan aikin mutum-mutumi, da na'urori masu zaman kansu.
Hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a
5G's bandwidth na iya magance matsalar rashin aikin yi akan cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a a cikin wuraren da jama'a ke da yawa kamar gine-ginen ofis ko wuraren taron.
Hankali na wucin gadi
Aikace-aikacen AI waɗanda ke sadarwa ta ci gaba tare da gajimare kuma za su amfana daga halayen aikin 5G, musamman ƙarancin latency. Hakanan, AI za ta sa cibiyoyin sadarwar 5G suyi aiki da sauri, da inganci, kuma tare da ƙarfin juriya.
Gaskiya mai gaskiya da haɓaka
Waɗannan fasahohin suna amfani da adadi mai yawa na bayanai, suna da latency-m, kuma suna buƙatar ci gaba da aiki don aiwatar da su a cikin gajimare. A haƙiƙa, haɓaka haɓakar kama-da-wane da haɓaka gaskiya ta hanyar Wi-Fi da ta gabata da cibiyoyin sadarwar salula. Yanzu, ana ƙidaya 5G da Wi-Fi 6 don taimakawa haɓaka haɓaka.


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